Open Institution → Loans in the sidebar (or press Ctrl+K and type "loans"). You need loan-viewing permission — if the menu item is missing, ask your administrator.

The loan list

Loans from across the institution appear in a table showing account number, client or group, product, and status. A group-only loan names the group in the Client column.

Search by account number or external ID with the box above the table.
Sort by account number when you are not searching.
Pages — use the controls under the table; you can show 10, 25, 50, or 100 rows.
Open a loan by clicking anywhere on its row.
The address bar always reflects your current view — bookmark or share the URL.

Search uses Fineract’s loan search (account number or external ID). Opening a new loan still starts from an active client.

Exporting

The Export button downloads the entire filtered list (not just the visible page) as a CSV or Excel file. Searching first narrows what's exported. Exports are recorded for auditing.

A loan has its own workspace — not the client header or section list. The top of the page keeps the account number, status, account type (with an icon), product, a link to the client or group this loan belongs to, and outstanding balance, then splits into sections:

Overview — product, balances, interest, and important dates. Amounts use the currency code. A group loan also names the group and links to it. When the loan uses a down payment, overview shows the percent of the disbursed amount and whether Fineract auto-repays it on disbursement.
Transactions — postings on the loan, 25 to a page (you can choose 10, 50, or 100). Filter by transaction date and type; the address bar keeps those filters. Reversed postings are hidden until you turn on Show reversed.
Schedule — the disbursement (amount paid out, tagged Disbursement) and repayment installments. Each repayment is Paid, Due (due today), Overdue, or Upcoming. A period with nothing to collect is Nothing due, not Paid. A down-payment installment is tagged Down payment.
Charges — fees and penalties on this loan. Add a charge from templates defined under Charges. Specified due-date charges need a due date. You cannot add charges on a closed, overpaid, or written-off loan.

Actions depend on status and your permissions. Commands that need a date, amount, or other details open a docked sidebar over the loan — the header stays visible. Undo and delete ask you to confirm. Fineract checks dates and amounts; if a command is not allowed, the reason from the core banking system is shown.

Typical work from the loan header:

Pending — approve, reject, withdraw, or delete the application; assign a loan officer; edit the repayment schedule when the product allows variable installments.
Approved — disburse, or undo approval. If the loan has a linked savings account and your role allows it, the disbursement form lets you send the money there instead of cash.
Active — record a repayment (or a down payment if the product uses one and it is not auto-repaid on disbursement), waive interest, close, write off, charge off, or foreclose; reschedule remaining installments; undo disbursal (or the last tranche on a multi-disburse loan). Repayment can transfer from the customer’s active savings (the default when your role allows it) or be recorded as cash. A transfer cannot exceed the savings available balance or the loan outstanding. Cash repayments and other cash loan payments list only institution payment types — not system-generated ones. Add those types under Organization → Payment types.
Written off — undo the write-off or post a recovery payment.
Overpaid — refund the credit balance.

From a client’s Loans section, clicking a row opens this same loan workspace.

Editing the repayment schedule

Edit repayment schedule is for a loan that is still pending approval, on a product that allows variable installments. It is not the same as rescheduling remaining installments on an active loan.

You need CREATESCHEDULEEXCEPTIONS_LOAN to save, READ_LOAN to validate, and DELETESCHEDULEEXCEPTIONS_LOAN to recover the original schedule.

From the loan header:

Change an installment amount or due date, or delete an installment you do not want. Deleted rows can be restored before you save.
Optionally apply the same amount to a range of remaining installments.
Validate so Fineract can rebuild interest and outstanding principal.
Save schedule to keep the variations on this application.

Due dates stay between neighbouring remaining installments (deleted neighbours are skipped) and after the expected disbursement date. If remaining principal no longer covers the loan amount, validate or restore a deleted installment.

Recover original removes previously saved variations and restores the schedule Fineract built when the loan was submitted.

Rescheduling remaining installments

Reschedule rebuilds unpaid installments on an active loan. It is not the same as Close as rescheduled, which closes the account.

You need CREATE_RESCHEDULELOAN to submit a request, READ_RESCHEDULELOAN to preview it, and APPROVE_RESCHEDULELOAN / REJECT_RESCHEDULELOAN to decide. The reason list comes from Fineract’s LoanRescheduleReason code (the reschedule template).

From the loan header:

Choose the unpaid installment to start from (its due date).
Pick a reason and the submitted-on date.
Turn on at least one change: a new due date, mid-term grace, extra repayments, or a new interest rate. You can also ask Fineract to recalculate interest.
Submit. The loan schedule does not change until the request is approved.

A pending request shows Review reschedule. That sidebar previews the rebuilt schedule. Approve or reject with a date; Fineract will not apply a decision dated before the request was submitted.

Fineract rejects a start date that is not an unpaid installment, charged-off loans, and some multi-disburse tranche products. Progressive-schedule loans may allow only one kind of change at a time.

Opening a loan

Open a loan from an active client (or a group / JLG member). The wizard collects what Fineract accepts on POST /loans for that product — fields the product cannot use stay hidden.

Linked savings (client loans only) — optional active savings of this client. Group-only loans do not link a client savings account.
Standing instruction at disbursement — each installment is then collected from the linked savings when it falls due, so repayments stay on schedule without a cash visit.
Account-transfer charges also need that linked savings account.
Product-gated terms appear when the product allows them: a fixed installment amount (EMI), equal amortization, monthly nth-day repayment, partial-period interest, multi-disburse tranches, down payment, top-up, progressive-schedule extras, and installment-level delinquency when the product has a bucket.
Schedule preview does not persist. Recalculate after you change terms or charges if you want updated figures. Fineract still calculates the repayment schedule when you submit. Preview does not send linked-account, standing-instruction, account number, or note fields.

Troubleshooting

What you see	What to do
"No loans yet" or "No matching loans"	Open a loan from a client, or clear the search box.
"Couldn't load loans"	Press Retry; if it persists, the core banking system may be unreachable — tell your administrator.
Loans menu missing	Your role lacks loan-viewing permission.
Edit repayment schedule missing on a pending loan	The product must allow variable installments, and your role needs CREATESCHEDULEEXCEPTIONS_LOAN.
Reschedule missing on an active loan	Your role lacks CREATE_RESCHEDULELOAN, or a request is already pending.
"Repayment schedule installment does not exist"	The start date must be an unpaid installment due date.

Loans